Modeling and Assessment of Water-Energy Nexus Considering Cyber Security in Load Demand

Smart cities need energy and water to develop sustainably and meet economic, social, and environmental goals. These two systems depend actually on each other and are examined as a water-energy nexus. Cyber security is becoming an increasingly important subject of study, particularly in multi-output/multi-input systems, such as the energy nexus due to the widespread use of information and communications technologies (ICT). In this research, the economic optimization of electricity and water systems has been investigated to reduce the operating cost. Then, sabotage such as false data injection (FDI) on the system load has been implemented, and this optimization operation has been solved in GAMS software and with mixed integer non-linear programing (MINLP) methods. The results show that the value of the cost objective function before and after the injection of incorrect data is equal, and the system operator could not make a correct estimate of the system, and these interventions had a direct impact on the system load. Especially, the electric load of the system has changed between 1.5% and nearly 18% compared to before.