Water Quality Analysis Using Normalized Difference Chlorophyll Index (NDCI) and Normalized Difference Turbidity Index (NDTI), Using Google Earth Engine Platform

The study investigates seasonal variations in chlorophyll content and water quality, emphasizing their impact on vegetation growth and ecosystem health, with a focus on the pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons. Over a five-year period, the pre-monsoon emerges as critical for vegetation vitality, marked by higher chlorophyll levels due to favorable conditions like optimal temperature, moisture, and nutrients. The northern region stands out as a hotspot for elevated pre-monsoon chlorophyll content. During the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, chlorophyll content fluctuates due to erratic rainfall, variable cloud cover, and temperature changes, disrupting sustained photosynthesis. Water quality, assessed using NDTI, reveals elevated turbidity in pre-monsoon months, contrasting with clearer waters during the monsoon and post-monsoon periods. This is attributed to factors like sedimentation, nutrient runoff, and human activities, with the northern region consistently experiencing higher turbidity levels during pre-monsoon periods, indicating localized influences needing further investigation.