Design of Dynamic Monitoring System of Lake Ecosystem Based on Geographical Information System

In the stage of biological evolution and ecosystem succession, water plays the dual role of life factor and environmental factor, and it is the material basis on which living things depend and the component of organisms. As an important carrier of terrestrial water storage, lakes play an important role in regional water balance. The study of lake ecosystem health assessment is in the development stage, and the determination of assessment index weight in most studies is extremely subjective, which makes the assessment method unable to be popularized. In this paper, a dynamic monitoring model of lake ecosystem based on geographic information system (GIS) was established. Combined with water quality monitoring data and biological monitoring data, probabilistic neural network (PNN) was used to assess the health of lake ecosystem, and the results of lake ecosystem health assessment at different monitoring time points were obtained. The experimental results show that it is feasible to use PNN to evaluate the health status of lake ecosystem. Compared with traditional assessment methods, it has the advantages of short training time, objective weight determination and stable output results, and can be applied to more related fields. In the simulation results of improving ecological efficiency to cultivate the environmental carrying capacity of ecosystem, it can be seen that although the evaluation of environmental carrying capacity of lake ecosystem did not change obviously in the early stage, the score showed an obvious acceleration trend after the cycle was extended.