Modeling and Analysis of Cerium Oxide-Incorporated Lead-Free Perovskite Solar Cells

Scientists are already designing more efficient and ecologically friendly solar systems as the need for renewable energy sources grows. PSCs, or perovskite solar cells, are a relatively new technology that is showing promise as a competitive replacement for the more established silicon-based cells already utilised in this market. PSCs are quickly gaining popularity in the field of solar energy gathering, owing to their outstanding energy conversion efficiency and cheap production costs. PSCs, on the other hand, may be manufactured using less sophisticated methods, reducing the industry's environmental impact and driving down the cost of silicon cell manufacturing. Silicon cells must be manufactured under very sterile circumstances using expensive and labour-intensive procedures. However, due to the presence of lead in these cells, there are severe worries regarding their stability and safety. Our research shows that photovoltaic solar cells, or PSCs, have a significant amount of untapped potential in the renewable energy market. This is especially true when it comes to addressing the issues with the cost and environmental effects of more traditional PV technologies. They created a variety of distinct shallow donor densities (ND) by altering the amount of oxygen injected. The researchers altered the thickness of the perovskite absorber layer, which modified cell metrics like computational efficiency and current-voltage characteristics, to identify the cell design that generated the greatest power with the least amount of waste. The performance was then improved further by adjusting the ND value of CeOx. The obtained PCE efficiency is 31.8%. As a basic structure, FTO/ TiO
2
/ MASnI
3
/ CeOx/ Spiro-OMeTAD/ Au was employed.