Automatic Buffalo Feeding and Monitoring System Using NodeMCU ESP8266 based on Internet of Things

Thailand, primarily an agricultural country with most of its population engaged in farming, relies significantly on buffalo raising to perform essential agricultural tasks such as plowing, threshing, milling, pushing, and transporting produce. Buffaloes are preferred due to their convenience and cost-effectiveness compared to tractors. This study introduces an automated buffalo feeding system, that uses Internet of Things (IoT) technology. As an initial step, the design of electronic, mechanical, and software circuits is carried out. With an ESP8266 NodeMCU serving as an RFID sensor reader and a 12V DC motor acting as an actuator, the system enables precise and automated feeding of buffaloes based on their individual identification and feeding needs. The HTTP communication protocol is used to connect sensors, actuators, microcontrollers, and servers. Black box testing validates the system’s efficiency and successful execution of all scenarios. IoT integration enables seamless monitoring of each buffalo’s diet, facilitating future development and analysis of feeding patterns for distinct buffalo categories.