Load Frequency Control of an Interconnected Microgrid Using MGO-based 2DOF-PID Controller

As the power demand of the consumer is increasing day by day, there is a definite need for local generation. The local generation is possible with the advent of microgrids. In these microgrids, frequency deviations occur when there are sudden changes in power demand. To mitigate these frequency deviations, the load frequency controller is required. In this work, an interconnected microgrid of two areas is considered to analyze the load frequency control (LFC) problem. Each microgrid consists of a diesel generator, PV generation, and wind generation. A two-degree-of-freedom PID controller (2DOF-PID) is chosen due to its robustness and hence, it is incorporated into an interconnected microgrid to mitigate the time-variable step changes in DG inputs and load disturbances. The effective control of load frequency for these disturbances can be achieved with proper tuning of controller parameters. In this work, a mountain gazelle optimizer (MGO) is utilized to achieve optimal performance and it is compared with a particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based controller. Further, the MGO and PSO techniques are applied to optimize various controllers such as a conventional PID and fractional PID, and the corresponding results are compared with the optimized 2DOF-PID controller. From the comparison, the MGO-optimized 2DOF-PID controller achieves superior performance than the other controllers.