Multi-objective Optimal Placement of Static Transfer Switches in LV Distribution System with PV Penetration

The rapid expansion of residential rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems has resulted in increased bidirectional power flow, leading to significant concerns regarding current and voltage imbalances in low-voltage (LV) distribution systems. This paper proposes a new multi-objective method based on Particle Swarm optimization (PSO) for phase balancing with optimally placed static transfer switches. The article addresses issues such as voltage unbalance, line loss, and switching costs. An issue with several objectives is reduced to a single objective using the weighted sum method. The proposed method is applied to place static transfer switches at the best possible locations. The implementation of this method on a typica115-node radial test feeder using OpenDSS and MATLAB reveals a significant reduction in line losses and voltage unbalance with the proper placement of switches, obviating the need for additional switches. The outcomes confirm the effectivenessof the proposed technique in terms of network phase balancing and switch cost reduction.