17.6 Fully Integrated CMOS Ferrofluidic Biomolecular Processing Platform with On-Chip Droplet-Based Manipulation, Multiplexing and Sensing

Biomolecules govern almost all the biochemical and biological processes, including storing/transmitting genetic codes and altering cellular activities. There is a perennial need for instrumentation platforms that can process large libraries of biomolecules with high multiplexing, finely controlled conditions, and capabilities of sensing, actuation, and even synthesis of biomolecules. In the past decades, CMOS integrated circuit (IC) platforms are gaining increasing traction for biomolecular and cellular applications due to their unparalleled integration and versatile sensing/actuation abilities.