Analysis of the Impacts of Reserve Requirements on Marginal Emission Rate

Modern Electric Power Sector is adopting policies for transitioning towards zero emission. The implementation of the policies for developing a smooth and efficient transition approach strongly relies on effective metrics to quantify emissions in a power system. Marginal Emission Rate (MER) is an important metric to encapsulate the change in emission in response to changes in demand. This paper proposes a computationally efficient MER calculation algorithm to analyze the impacts of reserve requirements on MER. The proposed algorithm uses a computationally efficient model to calculate the changes in the outputs of marginal generators in response to infinitesimal changes in demand. A systematic method is proposed to identify the marginal units with the presence of reserve requirements constraints. The MER can be calculated by multiplying the changes in outputs with corresponding emission rates. Numerical results on a small 3-Bus test system have been demonstrated to explain and validate the accuracy of the proposed method.