Distributed Consensus-Based Economic Dispatch for Power System Over Directed Network*

Economic Dispatch Problem (EDP) is one of important issues in the smart grid consisting of the main grid, energy routers (ER) and connected microgrid. Most of the current researches focus on the island mode and the undirected communication network. In this paper, we propose a distributed algorithm that can work in both grid-connected operation mode and isolated mode, and achieves flexible transformation between two modes. The proposed algorithm is a leader-following mechanism, when the microgrid operates in grid-connected mode. It utilizes feedback in the form of an estimated total average power mismatch, while the leader ensures that the incremental cost of each generator aligns with the electricity price of the distribution system. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm even if the communication graph is a directed graph.