Adaptive Energy Evaluation for Supercapacitor in Hydrogen-Electric Hybrid Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Applications Consider Non-Integer Order Impedance

Accurate evaluation of the supercapacitor's state of energy (SOE) is crucial for energy management and optimization in hydrogen-electric hybrid unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) applications. However, the non-integer impedance of the supercapacitor could affect the model accuracy, posing challenges for accurate SOE evaluation. This paper presents an adaptive SOE evaluation method based on a fractional order model for the supercapacitor. We first introduce the concept of fractional calculus. Meanwhile, an equivalent circuit model of the supercapacitor, comprising a constant phase angle element, is established. Subsequently, a sliding model observer is developed to estimate the variations of the supercapacitor's model parameters. Finally, real-time parameters estimation is employed to achieve adaptive SOE evaluation for the supercapacitor. Experimental and simulation results verify that the proposed method could accurately evaluate the SOE of the supercapacitor in hydrogen-electric hybrid UAV applications.