The Analysis of Latest Technologies in Producing Bio Gas

An effective technique for producing biogas from a variety of organic wastes, such as animal dung, waste from municipalities, agricultural leftovers, and industrial waste, is anaerobic digestion. This approach supports efficient waste management, enhanced ecological quality in rural regions, enhanced community health via pathogen reduction, and optimum energy use. Anaerobic digestion produces biogas, which is mostly composed of carbon dioxide and methane with trace gases. The composition of this gas changes based on many parameters, including the kind of substrate, pH, temperature during operation, organic unloading rate, hydraulic retention duration, and digester design. The kind of substrate is one of these aspects that matters most since it directly affects the activities of microorganisms. The goal of this paper is to provide a thorough analysis of the various organic wastes that are used as substrates for the generation of sustainable biogas. An analysis and characterisation are conducted as part of the inquiry into biogas generation from different substrates documented in the literature, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of each substrate. The collected data show that various kinds of organic wastes have varying methane yields. Animal manures, for example, had methane outputs ranging from 157 to 500 mL/gVS; the yields from goat and pig manure were larger than those from other animal manures. On the other hand, methane output from lignocellulose biomass ranged from 160 to 212 mL/gVS. Moreover, methane yields from organic the treatment of municipal solid waste - industrial waste were found to be between 143 and 516 mL/gVS and 25 and 429 mL/gVS, respectively. The main cause of these differences in methane output is the nutritional makeup of the various substrates.