Review on Stochastic Unit Commitment Formulation in Low-Inertia Grids

Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in power systems have become more prevalent because of the world's transition towards sustainable energy. Thus, necessitating a re-evaluation of electricity market design to cater for the increased penetration of RES. This paper provides a critical analysis of the development of electricity market mechanisms that have been employed to ensure adequate frequency response services in power systems. It specifically focuses on the challenges posed by the decreased physical inertia resulting from the integration of RES. The discussion extends to the advancements and limitations found in frequency-constrained optimization studies, which guide the creation of innovative electricity market designs that consider the realities of power systems with distributed generation (DG) and load, with a special focus on Sub-Saharan Africa. Additionally, the paper proposes a research framework utilizing a dynamic model of the South African power network to simulate the frequency response following faults and to evaluate the implications of load shedding.