High Inverter-Based Resource Integration: The Experience of Five System Operators

Power system transformation brings a number of challenges, such as interconnecting inverter-based resources (IBRs) and assessing their impact on system security and reliability, ensuring that appropriate and fit-for-purpose tools and processes are applied while interconnecting these resources, building up additional infrastructure, such as long-distance transmission lines. Many power systems around the world are facing similar challenges. This article outlines the experience of five system operators that are already undergoing this transition, namely, Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO), Australia; EirGrid, Ireland; Hawaiian Electric, Hawaii, USA; National Grid (NG) Electricity System Operator (ESO), United Kingdom; and Fingrid, Finland. Although the experiences presented in this article are for country-specific power systems, the experiences can be applied to other power systems.