High-Speed Spread Spectrum Technologies for Optical Fiber Communications

Excessive-speed spread spectrum technology has emerged as an essential contenders for the following generation of optical fiber conversation structures. The strategies employ the principle of spread spectrum communication, which is used to reclaim the low signal-to-noise ratio of channel-limited optical fiber links by way of spreading the transmitted signal throughout a broad spectral bandwidth. High-speed spread spectrum technologies have emerged as an important solution for addressing the ever-increasing demand for higher data rates in optical fiber communications. These technologies allow for the efficient use of available bandwidth by spreading the transmitted signal across a wide frequency range. Moreover, they provide robustness against various impairments and enable reliable and secure transmission over long distances. This paper provides an overview of the fundamentals of spread spectrum techniques, their implementation in optical fiber communication systems, and their potential for addressing the challenges faced by next-generation fiber-optic networks. Various high-speed spread spectrum techniques, such as direct sequence and frequency hopping, are discussed along with their advantages and limitations. Finally, recent advancements in this field and future research directions are highlighted. Moreover, they may be used to reap expanded spectral efficiency and can also be used to affect various strength-saving strategies.