Farmbot: an IoT-Based Wireless Agricultural Robot for Smart Cultivation

Smart technologies have significantly transformed various sectors, and agriculture is no exception. This paper aims to introduce a robot called "Farmbot" to revolutionize traditional farming techniques and enhance crop production. The construction of a radio frequency remote-controlled robot using Arduino microcontrollers and ultrasonic sensors is programmed to navigate by the farmer on the ground. The Farmbot aims to aid farmers by delivering valuable data through a smartphone app on moisture levels, soil's potential of hydrogen, temperature, humidity, and the presence of flammable gasses across distinct farm zones, all through a single set of sensors. It provides comprehensive insights into the overall land condition, enabling informed decisions regarding irrigation, fertilization, and the crucial steps required for optimal growth. To further enhance its utility and application, features such as fertilizer and insecticide dispersion and optional plowing functionality are incorporated into the robot to enhance agricultural efficiency, ensuring optimal crop health and pest control and saving labor. The experimental results will demonstrate the effectiveness of the Farmbot in assisting farmers with irrigation management, fertilization management, and automated farming tasks.