A Four-Element Patch Array Antenna for Direction of Arrival (DOA) Estimation with Beam Switching Applications

In this study, a four-element patch array on a Teflon substrate is constructed and simulated for Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation with a variety of applications. The compact Magic-T’s even mode and odd mode analysis favors achieving DOA estimation. Also, depending on the input signals and the configurations of the diode states, the antenna has the capacity to switch its beam as well as it can detect signal of wide angle range. The antenna has the ability to alter the direction of its radiated beam in two dimensions. The beam can change direction up to ±17° along Φ = 90° plane and up to ±30° along Φ = 0° plane. Additionally, it provides a large angle range of detection of ±50° for Φ = 90° plane and ±60° for Φ = 0° plane. In the operating frequency ranges, the antenna’s overall gain of greater than 13 dBi, and return loss of less than -30 dB indicates that the antenna is well-matched.