Quantum Prototype Clustering: Advancing AI Enhanced Machine Learning

The quantization reconstruction of classical machine learning algorithms is an important research direction in quantum machine learning. Clustering, a widely applied algorithm in machine learning, also holds high research value when quantized. Currently, most quantum machine learning algorithms, including those employing $A I$ techniques, face challenges such as difficulty in replication and the lack of intuitive comparisons with classical algorithms. A quantum prototype clustering algorithm (QPC) is proposed to address these issues, which can be easily deployed on existing general-purpose quantum computing devices. This approach first utilizes single-qubit rotation properties to find the feature mapping with minimal information loss, creating single-qubit rotations from two-dimensional feature data. Then, based on the characteristics of multi-qubit entanglement and entanglement system collapse, a quantum circuit for generating specific quantum entanglement systems and measuring the collapse results of entanglement systems is designed. By establishing the relationship between controlled qubit rotation angles in the entanglement system and the collapse results of the entanglement system and combining the definition of Minkowski distance, a quantum distance is derived for evaluating the similarity of input samples. The quantum distance measurement module, with the same input-output format as the distance calculation module in classical computers, can directly replace the Minkowski distance calculation in prototype clustering without modification, thus reconstructing classical prototype clustering algorithms, with AI included, into QPC. Multiple repeated experiments on publicly available datasets from Kaggle and Scikitlearn demonstrate that with AI integration, QPC exhibits no significant differences in evaluation metrics, such as average sample centre distance, compared to classical prototype clustering algorithms.