Design of Fractional Order Hartley Oscillator with Practical Op-amp

This paper presents the realization of fractional order Hartley oscillator using non-ideal op-amp. The design incorporates three non-idealities of the practical op-amp, which are i) finite open-loop dc gain, ii) non-zero output resistance, and iii) finite unity gain frequency. The effects of op-amp non-idealities on oscillation frequency and oscillation conditions are presented. The parametric variation of the proposed oscillator is studied, and based on that, a set of design guidelines are presented to evaluate the values of L, F, α, and R for a given oscillation frequency. The proposed guidelines are demonstrated by suitable design example, which is further validated using LTspice simulation.