Time-Modulated Circular Array for Single-Sideband OAM Beam Steering

This article presents a time-modulated circular array (TMCA) design that enables the generation of single-sideband orbital angular momentum (OAM) waves while providing beam steering capabilities in both elevation and azimuth angles. The comprehensive theoretical formulation of the TMCA provided that focuses on achieving high power at the 1
^st
harmonic. The theoretical analysis demonstrates the successful generation of OAM modes 1 and 2, achieving purity levels exceeding 97%. Additionally, the TMCA design effectively suppresses the power levels of both the carrier component and undesired harmonic components, maintaining them below −14 dB. Alongside its OAM generation capabilities, the proposed design offers the advantage of two-dimensional beam steering, enhancing its versatility and functional capabilities.