A K-band 0.18-μm CMOS Quadrature Phase-Locked Loop Using Injection-Locking Technique

A K-band $0.18-\mu \mathrm{m}$ CMOS quadrature phase-locked loop (QPLL) using injection-locking technique is presented in this paper. The proposed quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator using transformer-feedback technique (TF-QVCO) features high quadrature accuracy. With the injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD), the proposed QPLL can be operated up to K-band with $0.18-\mu \mathrm{m}$ CMOS process. With a total dc power consumption of 90.5 mW, the proposed QPLL demonstrates a phase noise of −99 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset, a reference spur suppression of −52 dBc, and a maximum operation frequency up to 24.1 GHz. This work demonstrates a comparable circuit performance and can be compared to the reported advanced K-band CMOS PLLs.