3D-Printed Pillar Microelectrode Array for the Selective Stimulation of Biohybrid Actuators

In this work, we proposed a microelectrode array embedded in the muscle tissue capable of selectively stimulating the biohybrid actuators. By embedding the microelectrode array at the two ends of the muscle tissue, effective stimulation of a specific target muscle can be achieved without affecting its neighboring muscle tissue. As results, the selectivity of the embedded microelectrode array fits well with the simulated results. We believe that the microelectrode array is promising to achieve the selective stimulation of biohybrid actuator consisting of compactly arranged multiple muscle tissues for complex muscle movements.