A Wireless Mems Microbial Fuel Cell Biosensor with Record Ultra-Short Response time for Copper Ion in Water Monitoring

In this study, we report a wireless MEMS microbial fuel cell (MFC) biosensor with a record ultra-short response time of 48 seconds, which is 3.75 times shorter than the fastest previously reported microbial-based biosensors, enabling rapid and real-time water Cu
²⁺
concentration measurement. The MEMS MFC biosensor has a small chamber volume of 200 μL and enables real-time sensing in the Cu
²⁺
concentration range of 0.2 to 1.6 mg/L with high linearity, demonstrating a high coefficient of determination of 0.997. With its ultra-short response time, reusability, and wireless transmission capability, this MEMS biosensor can advance real-time quantitative detection of Cu
²⁺
concentrations in water.