Underwater Efficient Data Routing: Clustering-Travel Salesman Protocol (CTSP)

Preserving sensor nodes’ energy in underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) stands as a crucial priority. UWSNs find key applications in ocean monitoring, offshore oil and gas exploration, and underwater robotic operations. Our study introduces a novel approach (CTSP) utilizing clustering alongside the Traveling Salesman (TS) Protocol to optimize data routing in UWSNs while minimizing energy usage. By adjusting the pathways of data transmission among sensor nodes, this method aims to curtail the network’s overall power consumption. CTSP primarily relies on two fundamental components: TS and clustering. Leveraging the TS Protocol allows the determination of the most efficient route between any pair of sensor nodes within the network. The approach ensures that each sensor node transmits data solely to its nearest neighbor, thereby reducing the energy required for transmission. Utilizing the positions of sensor nodes as input, a clustering algorithm forms larger groups. Enhanced communication within clusters and reduced long-range communication between clusters contribute to energy conservation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method significantly diminishes power consumption compared to traditional routing methods like the LEACH algorithm. Precisely, the CTSP method exhibits the potential to reduce energy usage by up to 50%, presenting a feasible option for energy-efficient data routing in underwater settings.