An Optimal Delay Tolerant and Improved Data Collection Schema Using AUVs for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

This paper presents two Elliptical Trajectories for Efficient Data-gathering and Delay-tolerant (TETD2) routing schemes for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs). The TETD2 protocol consists of two phases. The first phase involves creating an atomic-shaped trajectory for an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle. In second phase, to improve the delay tolerance of the protocol, communication between random nodes (RNs), destination nodes (DNs), autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and the sink node have been proposed. The latency between RNs in the network reveals the necessary time for choosing the prospective forwarders for making association linkages. The shortest path from a multipath environment sends a packet from its origin to the destination node using the RNs-to-DNs model in the shortest time possible. To gather data as quickly as possible, the novel trajectory model maximizes the number of DNs for RNs associations. In addition, a cooperation process has been introduced to allow for data sharing from parent AUV to child and onward to the sink node. The performance of TETD2 was tested using the network simulator (NS-2) and compared to the currently used method for data-gathering, the Effective Data Gathering (AEDG) protocol. The simulation results showed that TETD2 outperformed the ASEDG in terms of throughput and end-to-end delay. The TETD2 protocol offers a promising solution for efficient data-gathering in UWSNs and has the potential to significantly improve the performance of such networks.