A Triple-Band Triple-Polarization Endfire/Broadside Millimeter-Wave Phased Array Cavity Antenna With Small Frequency Ratio

A phased array of triple-mode cavity antennas (TMCA) has been developed and designed for multiband millimeter-wave (mmWave) applications. It dynamically adjusts frequency to simultaneously change polarization and beam direction, while also adapting broadside and endfire directions. The unique design of the cavity mode results in small frequency ratios, 1.033 and 1.025. The 1 × 4 TMCA achieves a peak gain of 12 dBi in the endfire direction for vertical polarization (VP) radiation, while obtaining peak gains of 13.6 dBi for horizontal polarization (HP) radiation and 13 dBi for vertical polarization (VP) radiation in the broadside direction. The three radiation beam coverages can achieve gains exceeding 9 dBi within a scanning range of 60 °. The TMCA presents low complexity, high gain, support for orthogonal polarization, and the dual capability of endfire or broadside beam coverage, rendering it suitable for mm-Wave communication in both base stations and vehicular applications.