Technological advances for estimating and reducing gasoline evaporation losses in the Petroleum industry

This paper intends to provide an overview of the current state of gasoline evaporation losses calculations and the technologies development for reducing emissions in the petroleum industry. The article describes the gasoline evaporation phenomena and the negative impact on the environment and human health. The review addresses emissions of volatile organic compounds from gasoline in different operations systems such as gas stations and refineries. We reviewed standards and protocol calculations for evaporation losses in shore tanks and extended applications. Most papers use industrial standards for estimating evaporation losses in storage tanks, and a few studies apply an uncertainty study associated with the measurements. Finally, the paper describes the estimation of evaporation losses using Computational Fluid Dynamic simulations, which provide relevant data to support theoretical and experimental hydrocarbon evaporation models in storage tanks.