Smart Railway Infrastructure: Fusion of IoT, RFID and VANET for Enhanced Safety and Operational Efficiency

The existing railway systems face significant challenges in terms of safety, operational efficiency, and sustainability. One of the critical concerns is the risk of train collisions, which can have severe consequences for passengers, railway infrastructure, and the environment. Additionally, there is a growing need to explore alternative sources of energy to reduce dependence on traditional power grids. Enhancing railway safety and efficiency, our paper integrates IoT, RFID, and VANET technologies. By combining real-time monitoring, asset tracking, and predictive maintenance, it revolutionizes railway systems. Our paper includes piezoelectric plates for energy harvesting, ultrasonic sensors for track integrity, and VANET for seamless communication. This comprehensive solution promises safer travel and improved operations, underlining our commitment to a smart and secure railway network.