Decagon Shaped Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna using PIN Diode

Wireless Technology plays a vital role in almost every action of a human life. Due to continuous growth and development in the technology and increasing invention and innovations in wireless devices, Reconfigurable antennas play a vital role in current scenario of wireless technologies. The main component and for an efficient utilization of any wireless devices, antenna is the key element. In this paper, a Decagon slot with Defective Ground Structure (DGS) and pin diode is used for achieving Frequency Reconfigurability (FR). The substrate used in this antenna is the commonly used, FR4 epoxy with dielectric constant 4.4 and has the overall dimension of 58 x 76 x 1.6 mm$^{3}$ with a patch dimension of 29 mm x 38 mm. The proposed antenna operates in the band of 2.8 GHz to 17.5GHz with resonant frequencies at 14.3, 14.4 GHz with both pin diodes in on condition with a gain of 5.7 and 3.4 dB respectively. The resonant frequency of the antenna is achieved at 8.3, 14.4 GHz with a gain of 10.6 and 5.3 dB with a bandwidth of 4.5 and 15.5GHz respectively. With PIN diode 1 ON and PIN diode 2 OFF, relatively high gain of 12.1dB is achieved at resonant frequency of 8.3 GHz. The proposed design of the antenna is simulated using electromagnetic solver HFSS software. The proposed design of the antenna can be used in applications like radar imaging and broad band applications(X-band), satellite communications (Ku –band).