Load Frequency Control of Renewable Sources Through Hybrid Energy Storage

Ensuring the reliability of power systems is critical to meet dynamic load demands and prevent undesirable outcomes such as load shedding and blackouts resulting from uncontrolled frequency deviations. Load Frequency Control (LFC) plays a pivotal role in stabilizing power systems by minimizing frequency overshoots, undershoots, and settling time. This study explores the recent application of the Golden Eagle Optimization (GEO) technique to optimize the PID controller. Additionally, it investigates the injection of virtual inertia using a hybrid energy storage system comprising Super Magnetic Energy Storage System (SMES) and Redox Flow Battery (RFB). The integration of photovoltaic, wind, hydrogen aqua-electrolyzer, and biodiesel generator technologies is examined within a four-area power system. The results highlight that the GEO-optimized PID controller, in conjunction with SMES and RFB, effectively reduces settling time for frequency changes while mitigating frequency and tie-line deviations. This research contributes to enhancing power system reliability and its ability to handle fluctuations in load demands, thereby mitigating risks associated with uncontrolled frequency deviations.