Underwater Wireless Sensor Network and Associated Issues

Ocean research, environmental monitoring, and underwater resource management are made possible by underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSN), which are essential for data collecting, monitoring, and communication in difficult aquatic environments. In this paper we have given a thorough introduction to underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs). The difference between terrestrial WSNs and UWSNs is also explained. Later, we have covered the various functions of the sensor nodes and the UWSNs’ deployment architecture. At the moment, UWSNs struggle with problems such low bandwidth, long propagation delays, 3D topology, media access control, routing, resource utilization, and power limitations. In this study, the underwater communication channel, environmental conditions, localization, media access control, routing algorithms, Synchronization and security aspects of UWSNs are surveyed.