A Review of the Catalysts System Used for Cross Coupling Reaction (Photo-Catalysts, Dual Catalysts, Pd, Fe and Nano-Particles)

The economic importance of cross coupling reactions has seen researchers explore all possible ways of making the reaction process more efficient and sustainable. A key aspect of the cross coupling reaction is the type and nature of the catalysts system used, which could have a major impact on certain desired reaction variables like cost of production, percentage conversion, sustainability of process etc. The catalysts system used for cross coupling keeps evolving form the pioneering palladium catalysts system used by Suzuki-Miyaura to other transition metals catalysts, photo-catalyst, dual catalysts and Nano-particles catalysts system. This review paper explores the available catalysts system for cross coupling reactions and the advantages obtained by using them as could be seen in the recent works of different researchers. Palladium which has been a consistent catalysts system for cross coupling due to it reported effectiveness and percentage conversion value, is gradually been replaced by more sustainable, green, cheap and also effective catalysts system like the photo-catalyst, dual catalysts and N ano-catalysts system. Recent works that explores the advantages derived from using the different catalysts system and future trends in the field of synthetic cross coupling reaction were highlighted in this paper.