A 3D-DVHop Localisation Approach Based on Path and Position Optimisation

A 3D-DVHop positioning approach that is based on path and position optimization is offered as a solution to the problem of the 3D-DVHop having a substantial impact on positioning accuracy in irregular networks. This solution is known as the 3D-PLODVHop. Initially, the RSSI method is employed to convert integer hops between nodes into consecutive hops; Second, when broadcasting the shortest path between sensor nodes, each sensor node only sends or relays a small but enough number of anchor node packets, which lowers the amount of energy each node needs; Finally, the estimated node coordinates are optimized in combination with RSSI ranging in order to make the estimated positions closer to the actual positions. According to the simulation results, the 3D-PLODVHop method uses less energy while maintaining positioning accuracy than the 3D-DVHop, 3D-MPDVHop, and 3D-PSODVHop algorithms.