Optimal Sizing and Placement of Battery Energy Storage Systems for Enhancement of Grid Frequency Stability

In recent times, the integration of renewable energy sources has led to the displacement of traditional inertia-based generating stations which can lead to the degradation of the frequency stability of power systems. This study proposes a method to enhance the system frequency stability by formulating an optimization problem. The objective of the proposed method is to maximize the system frequency nadir with the constraints being the optimum size and location of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs). The proposed method is then solved using three swarm-based metaheuristic optimization algorithms: Bat Algorithm (BA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Firefly Algorithm (FA), and is tested in the IEEE 9-bus system. Upon integration of BESS at the proposed locations, the frequency nadir was improved by 2.0104 Hz and 4.4557 Hz for the outages of the largest and second-largest generators, respectively. Additionally, the obtained results show that the proposed method provides a better frequency enhancement than the compared method.