Numerical Analysis of Photonic Crystal Fiber Parameters with Different Background Materials

Materials used as a background can have a potential impact on the overall performance of photonic crystal fiber (PCF). This study aims to analyze and evaluate different fiber materials inside a three-layer circular arrangement, with a specific focus on comparing and contrasting their properties and characteristics. To conduct a numerical analysis of the suggested PCF—which incorporates several fiber materials into its core and background—the method of finite element and a regular mesh of physics control were employed. The software utilized for this purpose is COMSOL Multiphysics 5.5. The range of wavelength (0.5 to 1.6) μm, the optical characteristics that are being examined include numerical aperture (NA), effective area, birefringence, nonlinearity, and confinement loss. Switching the background material of PCF with distinct materials has resulted in alterations to specific properties. In this paper, we evaluate PCF parameters and determine that BK7 is superior for optical applications. By comparing results at 0.5 μm, it is clear that the PCF model with BK7 material exhibits birefringence of 2.13, value of nonlinearity 122 W
^-1
km-
¹
, confinement loss value of 2.11×10
^-11
dB/m, value of numerical aperture 0.154, and low effective mode area of 3.69×10
^-12
m
²
. Hence, it can be concluded that the proposed PCF model composed of BK7 material is a more appropriate selection for the structure.