An Efficient and Robust Facial Image Encryption Algorithm for Biometric Identity Systems

In comparison to alternative identification methods such as graphical-based passwords, textual-based passwords, and email verification, biometric authentication systems provide improved convenience and security for accessing information systems. Nevertheless, biometric-based systems, including facial recognition, are at risk of tampering attacks on their databases. To guarantee the security of stored facial images and counteract tampering database attacks, it is essential to implement a robust encryption scheme specifically designed for facial images. Through the implementation of encryption, the images become impervious to alterations by unauthorized individuals who may gain access to the storage infrastructure. This research paper introduces a robust facial image encryption algorithm specifically created to tackle database tampering attacks. The algorithm has been developed with the purpose of seamlessly integrating it into facial authentication systems. The suggested encryption technique uses the Henon map to shuffle the pixels and applies class-3 one-dimensional cellular automata rules for pixel substitution. The security analysis and experimental findings demonstrate that the proposed method offers an extensive key space and robustly withstands various attacks. The encrypted image shows a minimal correlation between adjacent pixels, indicating high effectiveness.