Optical design of a fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer based three-photon fiber optic gyroscope

Fiber optic gyroscope, as the core element of inertial navigation system, has important applications in both military and civil fields, and its accuracy directly determines the performance of inertial navigation system. With the increasing demand for high-precision and high-reliability navigation information, the requirements for fiber optic gyroscope accuracy are constantly increasing. However, the traditional scheme mainly relies on increasing the size of the fiber coil and the length of the fiber optic to improve the accuracy, which will bring negative impacts such as increasing the complexity of the system. In this paper, we propose a three-photon fiber optic gyroscope optical path scheme based on a fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer, which utilizes the interference effect of the three-photon states in the fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer to achieve a highly sensitive measurement of rotational speed. We describe the design principle of the optical path in detail and perform theoretical analysis. The scheme provides a new possible solution to further improve the accuracy of fiber optic gyroscope.