High-Speed Quantum Key Distribution Using Dead-Time Compensated Detector Arrays

There has been growing research interest in quantum technology in general and in quantum key distribution (QKD) in particular. However, the key generation rate of QKD systems is still limited by the quantum channel losses as well as the practical limitations of the quantum sources and detectors. Here, we focus on one of these limitations, namely, the quantum detector's dead time effect, which happens after each photon detection, limiting the maximum quantum bit transmission rate and consequently the key generation rate of QKD systems. Qubit transmission at the sub-dead-time regime (i.e., faster than the reciprocal of dead time) can introduce different security loopholes. In this paper, we propose the use of a detector array instead of a single detector to measure the quantum state of individual photons in discrete variable QKD systems, showing that it can significantly alleviate the limitations induced by detectors' dead time. A dead-time compensated BB84 scheme is introduced, allowing qubit transmission at the sub-dead-time regime. An
$M-$
dimensional Markov chain model is used to describe the impact of dead time on the operation of the proposed BB84 system, employing detector arrays of size
$M$
. Consequently, novel analytical expressions can be derived for the sifted bit rate (SBR) and secrecy key rate (SKR) of the proposed QKD system, showing excellent match with the Monte Carlo simulation results. A remarkable gain is observed for the BB84 system employing detector arrays, showing a potential
$M$
-fold improvement of SBR at high qubit transmission rates.