Traffic Lights Optimization for Pedestrian Safety: Simulation-Based Analysis and Field Interventions in Jacareí's Bridge Intersection

Optimizing the control of traffic signals, particularly at high-traffic intersections, plays a vital role in improving pedestrian safety during crossing. This study presents a simulation and optimization approach to improve pedestrian safety at a busy intersection in Jacareí, São Paulo. Real-world data was collected to develop a discrete simulation model. Through an optimization approach, optimal traffic light timings are determined considering intersection constraints. The study's main contribution lies in its implementation of the proposed modifications in the real world, demonstrating the practical feasibility of simulation-based optimization. The results demonstrate a substantial reduction in mean pedestrian crossing time, confirming the effectiveness of the optimization model. The implementation of the optimized traffic light timings and the addition of a crosswalk at the real intersection not only enhanced pedestrian safety but also validated the simulation results in the real-world setting. Overall, this paper highlights the potential of simulation and optimization techniques to enhance urban traffic management.