A Compact Slotted Double-Inverted Frustum-Shaped Dielectric Resonator Antenna for 5G Sub-6 GHz and 6G Bands Applications

This manuscript introduces the design and development of a slotted double-inverted frustum-shaped (SDIFS) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) for 5G sub-6 GHz and 6G band applications. The designed antenna employs a coplanar waveguide-fed SDIFS dielectric resonator (DR) configuration. The proposed SDIFS-DR is built by stacking two inverted frustum-shaped conical DRAs, aligning their base and apex. The recommended SDIFS-DRA shows dual hybrid (HEM) modes. The SDIFS-DRA achieves a -10 dB measured impedance bandwidth of 60.81% within the operating frequency band (OFB) of 5.15 GHz to 9.65 GHz, with a measured maximum peak gain of 6.52 dBi and an average peak gain of 4.55 dBi. This proposed antenna maintains an average simulated radiation efficiency of 86.61% in the entire OFB with omnidirectional-like radiation patterns. The dimensions of the SDIFS-DRA are given by $\mathbf{1}.\mathbf{6}\lambda_{\mathbf{g}}\times \mathbf{1}.\mathbf{5}\lambda_{\mathbf{g}}\times \mathbf{0}.\mathbf{54}\lambda_{\mathbf{g}}$, where $\lambda_{\mathbf{g}}$ represents the guided wavelength at a lower cut-off frequency of 5.15 GHz with effective permittivity of 7.1. A prototype of the proposed SDIFS-DRA is developed to authenticate the precision of the designed antenna simulation results with the measured results.