Hardware Design Challenges and Modulation Schemes in Joint Communication and Sensing: Analyzation and Comparison of the State-of-the-Art Co-Located Communication and Sensing Systems

Joint communication and sensing (JCAS) holds great potential in a variety of applications because it combines radar signaling and data transmission into a single system. This means that both applications share their spectrum or even their waveform within the RF spectrum, a scarce and expensive resource. Meanwhile, research on beyond 5G and 6G is increasing tremendously. The advance of software-defined radio, where the signal processing mainly takes place in software, allows different implementations for communication and sensing
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. Another reason for the integration of both into one system is the growing sensor density, which entails mutual interference. Furthermore, sharing hardware requires a sustainable and resource-efficient solution in the field of RF engineering.