Printed Monopole Antenna Design for Early Brain Tumor Detection

The purpose of this research is to design a simple miniaturized microstrip antenna and detect variations in its reflection response to locate tumors in the human brain. The proposed antenna has a size of 36×32×1.6 mm
³
. This antenna is designed to operate at a resonant frequency of 2.45 GHz, which align with the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band. The designed antenna has an omnidirectional radiation pattern with a maximum gain of about 1.43 dBi. For the intended application, numerical simulations are performed using a tumor with a radius of 5 mm. The reflection response of the proposed antenna is investigated for two cases: one without a tumor and another with a tumor placed at three different positions inside the brain. When there is no tumor present, the resonance frequency is similar to that of an antenna in open space. However, in the presence of a tumor, there is a shift and increase in the resonance frequency, which is directly proportional to the distance between the antenna and the head. This shift serves as an indication of the presence of a tumor.