Mathematical Demonstration of Node Placement using Wireless Sensor Networks for Smart Cities

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has been used for monitoring Indoor events where distributed sensing nodes gather data and send report about conditions of the monitoring area for analysis and decision-making. The monitoring of environmental phenomena has a significant economic effect in saving human and materials resources. When sensing nodes are deployed efficiently, it would guarantee the network's connectivity and stability. In this paper, we present a mathematical modelling for indoor node deployment. It determines the number of sensing nodes needed to ensure the network's coverage and connectivity. The solution comes out of this modelling helps in reducing the number of nodes required to cover the indoor monitoring area, in contrast with the traditional sensing node deployment; thus, reducing the cost and maintenance of the indoor wireless sensor networks.