Two-Stage Decentralized Optimal Voltage Control in Wind Farms With Hybrid ESSs

Due to the flexibility and economy, energy storage systems (ESSs) have been widely deployed in wind energy power plants for power regulation. The coordination of generators and ESSs is critical for the wind farm (WF) operation. In this article, a two-stage voltage control is proposed in WFs equipped with distributed ESSs to achieve a near-global optimal performance without any centralized computations and communication links. To achieve it, the WF control is divided into two regions based on the demand-supply relationship of reactive power to consider the different operating conditions and multiple optimization objectives. The distributed battery-supercapacitor hybrid ESSs are deployed in each wind turbine within the WF to regulate the power output while ensuring voltage stability and enhancing the Var support capability. An optimization problem is formulated considering the node voltage deviation, the state of charge, and the cost of the storage units, which can be simply calculated using only local measurements through a decoupling method based on network topology characteristics. Further, an asynchronous response framework is designed for the battery and the supercapacitor to achieve a better economic benefit. Case studies in MATLAB/Simulink verify the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed method.