A Comparative Study of Cutting-Edge Bi-Directional Power Converters and Intelligent Control Methodologies for Advanced Electric Mobility

Bidirectional converters (BDCs) are important in electric vehicles (EVs). This study investigated different bidirectional power converters and their efficiencies, energy densities, and cost parameters. Control methods such as pulse width modulation (PWM) and hysteresis control are also examined. Comparisons on how well they regulate the output voltage and current in converters are performed. This paper also provides an overview of the types of BDCs used in EVs, including flyback, forward, and push-pull converters. The efficiency, energy density, and cost of each converter are assessed to identify the most appropriate model for EVs. The control methods including the advantages and disadvantages of PWM and hysteresis control and how they influence converter performance are examined. Suggestions for applying bidirectional power converters and control approaches in electric vehicles are also proposed. In summary, the paper consolidates the existing research, findings, and current gaps leading to advancements in the field and provide resources for emerging methodologies and concepts for advanced electric mobility.