Design of Analog-AI Hardware Accelerators for Transformer-based Language Models (Invited)

Analog Non-Volatile Memory-based accelerators offer high-throughput and energy-efficient Multiply-Accumulate operations for the large Fully-Connected layers that dominate Transformer-based Large Language Models. We describe architectural, wafer-scale testing, chip-demo, and hardware-aware training efforts towards such accelerators, and quantify the unique raw-throughput and latency benefits of Fully-(rather than Partially-) Weight-Stationary systems.