The role of hydrogen in the green future of the Baltic energy system

The planned and already observed increase in the use of wind and photovoltaic power plants is partially constrained by the uncontrolled variability of energy generation and consumption. The weakening of the negative influence of demand and generation variability is possible through the construction of large-scale energy storage plants (ESPs). This article is devoted to the operation and modelling of a powerful hydrogen production plant (H2PP) which can ensure a hosting opportunity for large capacity renewables in the Baltic region. An energy demand and generation balancing problem has been posed and solved. Forecasts of hydro, wind and photovoltaic generation, changes in the energy demand and market prices have been taken into consideration. An estimation of annual costs, the amount of hydrogen and the required capacity of the H2PP for energy balancing constitutes the main result of the paper.