A Chebyshev Polynomial-Based Authentication Scheme Using Blockchain Technology for Fog-Based Vehicular Network

The increasing number of vehicles has resulted in a tremendous growth of data in vehicular communications. Cloud-based models are inefficient for handling this large data due to high latency and bandwidth requirements. To address this, fog computing-based vehicular network models have been proposed for low latency and immediate responses. However, securing data transfer between fog servers and vehicles on public channels is essential to prevent malicious attacks. Existing authenticated key agreement schemes provide security but often incur high computational costs and vulnerability to attacks. Thus, this paper proposes a blockchain-based authenticated key agreement scheme for the fog computing-enabled vehicular network. The proposed scheme integrates blockchain into fog-based Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET), where fog servers and the cloud servers serve as blockchain nodes for seamless re-authentication of a moving vehicle. For secure communication, the proposed scheme uses the Chebyshev polynomial to achieve low computational cost and establishes a common session key between cloud server, fog server, and vehicle. The formal security proof of the proposed scheme is carried out using Real-Or-Random (ROR) model. Finally, the Hyperledger Fabric and cryptographic libraries have been used for the experimental analysis to demonstrate the proposed scheme's communication and computational efficiency.