Non Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring: A Comparison of Two Antenna Enabled Sensors

Currently, there is ongoing investigation into the utilization of microwave technology for non-invasive estimation of glycaemia in individuals with diabetes. The utilization of non-invasive blood glucose monitoring would be highly beneficial for individuals with diabetes, as it minimizes the associated risk of skin damage. This paper introduces two designs that utilize microwave sensors. The first sensor consists of patch reflector and is characterized by its rhombic shape. One of the designs incorporates a Dielectric Resonator (DR). A four-layer thumb model is created, placing special emphasis on the permittivity of the blood layer at 1.8 GHz. For the dielectric substrate, a cost-effective FR-4 material measuring 52 mm × 40 mm × 1.5 mm in size is employed using full electromagnetic Computer Simulation Technology (CST) microwave studio. The observations revealed that the microwave sensor had 0.823 coefficient of determination (R
²
), which implies good prediction fitting model. Moreover, it demonstrated a significant sensitivity of 255 KHz/(mg/dL).