Machine Learning-based Multi-path Reliable and Energy-efficient Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

The research on applications for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) including the investigation of submerged resources, gathering oceanographic data, conducting operational surveillance, and prevention from natural disasters is rapidly increasing. Traditional wireless sensor networks (TWSNs) are distinct from UWSNs. Routing protocols of TWSNs are also distinct from UWSNs routing protocols in terms of energy efficiency. Most of routing protocols have been developed to extract data from the ocean floor to the surface of waters. There are many challenges for indigenous designing of an efficient routing protocol for UWSNs, such as, design of reliable path for forwarding communicating data packets, managing the movement of nodes, configuration of sensor nodes, removing void communicating nodes and increasing the power efficiency of the system. This research focuses on designing a novel Machine learning-based multi-path reliable and energy-efficient routing protocol (M2RE2RP) for UWSNs. It will select an efficient path among the existing communication paths used by sensor nodes, which will ultimately increase the lifespan of the network. The simulation experiment results dictate that the proposed routing model M2RE2RP achieves better performance in terms of network throughput, end-to-end latency, total energy consumption and network lifetime.